The Open Compute Project (OCP), initiated by Facebook (now Meta) in 2011, is a non-profit open-source hardware organization. Its core mission is to disrupt the proprietary design models of traditional data center hardware (including servers, storage devices, network infrastructure, etc.) by sharing open-source design specifications, standards, and best practices. This initiative drives global data centers toward greater efficiency, lower costs, and more sustainable development.

CoolIT Systems, a Canadian company specializing in liquid cooling solutions, presented its research on "Erosion in Liquid Cooling Systems - Investigating Velocity-Dependent Degradation Mechanisms" at the OCP 2025 EMEA Summit. The presentation highlighted CoolIT's ongoing study on velocity-dependent degradation in direct liquid cooling systems.

In CoolIT's research, the JONSN MR Series liquid cooling pumps were selected for the system's liquid cooling circulation. The study focused on a single-phase direct liquid cooling (DLC) system, where cold plates are directly mounted on heat sources. The coolant is circulated via the JONSN MR pumps through a secondary fluid network containing water-based cooling liquid.

I. Core Principles of Liquid Cooling Technology

Liquid Cooling Technology

Liquid cooling dissipates heat through convective heat transfer using liquids, which exhibit significantly higher thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity than air (e.g., water's specific heat capacity is 3,400 times greater than air's). This enables superior heat dissipation per unit volume.

Core Process Flow:

1. Heat Absorption

• The liquid coolant flows through heat-generating components (e.g., CPUs, power devices) to absorb thermal energy.

2. Heat Rejection

• The heated liquid transfers heat to the external environment via heat exchangers (e.g., cooling towers, cold plates).

3. Recirculation

• The cooled liquid returns to the heat source, completing the closed-loop cycle.

II. Major Types of Liquid Cooling Technologies and Their Characteristics

1. Cold Plate Liquid Cooling (Indirect Liquid Cooling)

• Principle: A metal plate (cold plate) makes direct contact with heat-generating components, while liquid flows through the plate to remove heat—without directly contacting electronic elements.

Typical Structure:
Heat-generating component → Thermal paste → Cold plate (with internal flow channels) → Liquid circulation system → Heat exchanger

Coolant: Commonly uses deionized water or glycol-water solutions (anti-freeze).

Advantages:

• Non-conductive safety: No direct contact with electronics, ensuring high reliability.

• Ease of maintenance: Simple modular design for quick servicing.

• Cost-effective: Ideal for high-power components (e.g., data center CPUs/GPUs).

Limitations:

• Lower efficiency compared to immersion cooling.

• Limited effectiveness for extreme high-power scenarios (e.g., single-chip power > 400W).

  
  

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2. Immersion Liquid Cooling (Direct Liquid Cooling)

Principle: Submerges equipment in non-conductive dielectric fluid, where heat is absorbed via liquid evaporation/temperature rise and removed through condensation/circulation.

Types:

1. Single-Phase Immersion

• Liquid remains in liquid state; heat is dissipated through circulation (e.g., mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbons).

2. Two-Phase Immersion

• Liquid absorbs heat and evaporates; vapor condenses in a heat exchanger and returns as liquid (e.g., fluorinated fluids with boiling points of 30–60°C).

Coolants:

• Fluorinated Liquids (e.g., 3M™ Novec™):

• Non-conductive, low boiling point, non-toxic, but high cost.

• Mineral/Synthetic Oils:

• Cost-effective, good thermal conductivity, but high viscosity (suited for low-flow applications).

Advantages:

• Extreme heat dissipation (>100 kW/m²), ideal for:

• Supercomputers

• Bitcoin mining rigs

• Silent operation (no fans) & dustproof, extending hardware lifespan.

Limitations:

• High initial investment (costly fluids & specialized equipment).

• Requires expert maintenance.

III. Application Scenarios of Liquid Cooling Technology

IV. Application of JONSN MR Liquid Cooling Pumps in Liquid Cooling Systems

CoolIT's Selection of JONSN MRB19/16 Pump for Single-Phase DLC Systems

In its Direct Liquid Cooling (DLC) systems, CoolIT utilizes the JONSN MRB19/16 liquid cooling pump, specifically designed for low-flow, high-precision thermal management applications.

Key Specifications

• Flow Range: 400ml/min - 4800ml/min (operating at 1.5-4 LPM in CoolIT's setup)

• Pressure Differential: 0.5-25 bar (deployed at 30 psi/2.07 bar actual working pressure)

• Fluid Compatibility:

• 10-30% propylene glycol solutions (CoolIT's coolant)

• Viscosity Range: 0.4-3000 mPa·s (covers water-like to high-viscosity fluids)

• Temperature Tolerance: 15–70°C (matches CoolIT's operational range)

• Pressure Resistance: 4 MPa (*6×* over typical operating pressure)

Motor Configuration

• 100W brushless DC motor provides:

• Precise speed control for variable flow demands

• Energy-efficient operation at partial loads

• Long service life (>50,000 hours MTBF)

Why MRB19/16 Fits CoolIT's DLC System?

1. Low-Flow Optimization

• Maintains stable circulation at <5 LPM flows critical for direct-to-chip cooling.

2. Material Compatibility

• Seals and wetted materials resist glycol solutions without degradation.

3. Over-Engineered Safety

• 4MPa burst pressure ensures reliability under thermal cycling stresses.

Database Cooling Applications

Case 1: Swiss Data Center (Precision Cooling)

• Application: High-temperature database server cooling

• Parameters:

• Coolant: Deionized water + propylene glycol mixture

• Flow Rate: 5-8 LPM (liters per minute)

• Pressure: 5 bar

• Temperature: 90°C

• Solution:

• Pump Model: JONSN MRC20/22

• Motor: 600W BLDC (Brushless DC)

• Key Advantage: Maintains stable flow under high-temperature, moderate-pressure conditions

Case 2: Large-Scale Data Warehouse (High-Flow Cooling)

• Application: Enterprise database cluster cooling

• Parameters:

• Coolant: Deionized water + propylene glycol mixture

• Flow Rate: 20-24.5 LPM

• Pressure: 3 bar

• Temperature: 90°C

• Solution:

• Pump Model: JONSN MRE18/37

• Motor: 600W BLDC

• Key Advantage: Optimized for high-flow, lower-pressure applications with energy efficiency

JONSN: The Trusted Liquid Cooling Pump Provider for Data Center Thermal Management

JONSN is a market-proven supplier of liquid cooling pumps, specializing in thermal solutions for data center applications. With nearly 20 years of expertise in refrigeration and liquid cooling technologies, we deliver high-performance pump solutions to global clients.

Our selection by CoolIT Systems and recognition at the OCP 2025 EMEA Summit underscores JONSN’s technical excellence and reliability as a trusted liquid cooling solutions provider. This industry validation reflects our commitment to:

• Precision-engineered gear pumps for demanding cooling applications

• Robust fluid handling in high-density thermal management systems

Moving forward, JONSN remains dedicated to innovation in liquid cooling, ensuring every pump we manufacture meets the highest standards of quality, efficiency, and durability. We will continue to provide superior fluid solutions for customers worldwide—because when it comes to cooling performance, every drop counts.